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Free Testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen synthesized by the Leydig cells of the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex and the stroma of the ovary in females. Testosterone measurement is used in the investigation of hyperandrogenicity in women and hypogonadal states in men. Free testosterone (fraction of testostosterone that is not bound to protein) levels are less susceptible to changes in concentration of the principal testosterone transport protein SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin). Thus, abnormal free testosterone concentration is more reliable indicator of sex hormone imbalance than that of total testosterone.The determination of free testosterone can be used for the assessment of fertility status and sexual development. It is used in diagnosis and monitoring of androgen excess states in females and androgen insufficiency states in males. It aids in diagnosis of precocious and delayed puberty in boys.
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Testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen synthesized by the Leydig cells of the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex and the stroma of the ovary in females. The determination of testosterone can be used for the assessment of fertility status and sexual development. It can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of androgen excess states in females. In males, it can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of androgen insufficiency states and differential diagnosis of hypogonadism, hypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia and as an aid in diagnosis of precocious and delayed puberty in boys.
We offer two different formats of this assay, see tables below:
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PSA free
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a single-chain glycoprotein. Pathologically increased production of PSA is typical marker of malignant prostatic tissues and of bone metastases of prostatic origin. Increased levels of PSA are found also in patients with prostate benign hyperplasia. PSA occurs in three main forms in serum - free (fPSA), PSA bound on a2-macroglobulin and PSA bound on a1-antichymotripsin. The complex of PSA and a2-macroglobulin is immunologically inactive, and thus non-detectable by immunoassays, while two other forms are immunogically detected. The determination of free PSA can be be used, in combination with total PSA, for differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.
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Free beta-hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) belongs to the glycoprotein hormone family and is composed of two non-covalently associated subunits a and b. Determination of free-beta subunit can be used as an aid in diagnosis of Gestational trophoblastic disease.
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REPRODUCTIVE
Human reproductive system Estrogens Androgens -
TUMOR MARKERS
AFP a-Subunit b2-Microglobulin CA 125 Antigen MUC-1 (CA 15-3) CA 19-9 Antigen CEA Free b-hCG hCG Cytokeratin 19 Fragment NSE PSA total PSA free Thymidine Kinase Monototal TPS TPAcyk Tumor markers - Clinical aspects -
Androstanediol glucuronide
3α-androstanediol glucuronide is a product of androgens degradation, particularly by intracellular reduction of DHT. Its determination is used in management of diseases with excessive androgen production. It reflects skin androgen activity, which is dependent on the presence of 5α-reductase enzyme, converting testosterone to DHT. Accordingly, the measurement of 3α-androstanediol glucuronide is an indirect way of testing DHT and 5α-reductase activity. The determination of 3α-androstanediol glucuronide can be used as an aid in diagnosis of androgen-related endocrine disorders.
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FT4
Thyroxine (T4) is a thyroid hormone which circulates bound to various proteins. Only 0.03 % of total serum thyroxine is not bound. This free thyroxine (FT4) is responsible for biological activity. Its concentration is nearly independent of the concentration of the binding proteins and thus it reflects the true thyroid status. The determination of free thyroxine is intended to be used as an aid in diagnosis of various thyroid disorders.
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FT4 Plus
Thyroxine (T4) is a thyroid hormone which circulates bound to various proteins. Only 0.03 % of total serum thyroxine is not bound. This free thyroxine (FT4) is responsible for biological activity. Its concentration is nearly independent of the concentration of the binding proteins and thus it reflects the true thyroid status. The determination of free thyroxine is intended to be used as an aid in diagnosis of various thyroid disorders.
Assay format prevents from potential interference with biotin.
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FT3
Human triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone which circulates bound to various proteins. Only 0.3 % of total serum triiodothyronine is not bound to proteins. This free triiodothyronine (FT3) is responsible for biological activity. Its concentration is independent of the concentration of the binding proteins and thus reflects the true thyroid status. The determination of free triiodothyronine is intended to be used as an aid in diagnosis of various thyroid disorders.
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LH
Luteinizing hormone or lutropin (LH) is a glycoprotein secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. LH stimulates testosterone secretion by the Leydig cells of the testes and ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. The determination of LH can be used for the assessment of fertility status and sexual development. It can be used in differential diagnosis of primary and secondary hypogonadism in both males and females. In females, it can be used also in differential diagnosis of amenorrhea, PCOS and other causes of infertility. It can be also used as an aid in diagnosis of precocious and delayed puberty in children.
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T3 uptake
T3 uptake assay determines the amount of unsaturated binding sites on thyroid binding globulin in the sample. When determined together with TT4, it may be used to calculate the free thyroxine index, and thus be used for the aid in diagnosis of thyroid disorders.
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Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid polypeptide, produced by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland. It participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Calcitonin is a sensitive marker of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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Alpha-Subunit
Thyrotropin (TSH), human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones. They are composed of two distinct, non-covalently bound subunits: a and ß. The a-subunits of TSH, LH, FSH and hCG are immunologically identical. Certain amount of free a-subunit is found under normal conditions in the circulation. The determination of a-subunit can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of pituitary tumors.
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PSA total
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a single-chain glycoprotein. Pathologically increased production of PSA is typical marker of malignant prostatic tissues and of bone metastases of prostatic origin. Increased levels of PSA are found also in patients with prostate benign hyperplasia. The determination of PSA can be used in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. In combination with free PSA, it is used for differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.